Sunday, November 11, 2012

Increase Your Creativity: Work in Other Mediums | Self improvement

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Saturday, November 10, 2012

Understanding antibiotic resistance using crystallography and computation

ScienceDaily (Nov. 9, 2012) ? Scientists at the University of Bristol, together with collaborators at the University of Aveiro, Portugal, have solved the structure of an enzyme that breaks down carbapenems , antibiotics 'of last resort' which, until recently, were kept in reserve for serious infections that failed to respond to other treatments.

Increasingly, bacteria such as E. coli are resisting the action of carbapenems by producing enzymes (carbapenemases) that break a specific chemical bond in the antibiotic, destroying its antimicrobial activity.

Carbapenemases are members of the group of enzymes called beta-lactamases that break down penicillins and related antibiotics, but it has not been clear why carbapenemases can destroy carbapenems while other beta-lactamases cannot.

Using molecular dynamics simulations, Professor Adrian Mulholland in the School of Chemistry and Dr Jim Spencer in the School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, showed how a particular type of carbapenemase enzyme reorients bound antibiotic to promote its breakdown and render it ineffective.

Professor Mulholland said: "The class of antibiotics called carbapenems, drugs related to penicillin, are increasingly important in healthcare as treatments for bacterial infections. Until recently, carbapenems were 'antibiotics of last resort' but the growing problem of resistance to other drugs in organisms like E. coli (the leading cause of bloodstream infections in the UK) means that carbapenems are now becoming first-choice antibiotics for these infections. This is a worry because there are very few other treatment options for these organisms. Few new antibiotics effective against these pathogens are reaching the clinic.

"The recent appearance and spread of bacteria that resist carbapenems is a serious and growing problem: potentially, we could be left with no effective antibiotic treatments for these infections. The emergence of bacteria that resist carbapenems is therefore very worrying."

In a study published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society (JACS), the scientists combined laboratory experiments with computer simulations to investigate how one particular type of carbapenemase recognises and breaks down antibiotics.

Using X-ray crystallography, they obtained two 'snapshots' of the carbapenemase in the act of breaking down a carbapenem antibiotic. This static structural information was used as a starting point for simulations that modelled the motions of the enzyme and the bound antibiotic.

The simulations showed how the carbapenemase reorients the drug to promote its breakdown. In beta-lactamases that cannot break down carbapenems, this rearrangement cannot happen, and so the enzyme cannot break down the antibiotic. Knowing this should help in designing new drugs that can resist being broken down.

Dr Spencer said: "Combining laboratory and computational techniques in this way gave us a full picture of the origins of antibiotic resistance. Our crystallographic results provided structures which were the essential starting point for the simulations and the simulations were key to understanding the dynamic behaviour of the enzyme-bound drug.

"Identifying the molecular interactions that make an enzyme able to break down the drug, as we have done here, is an important first step towards modifying the drug to overcome bacterial antibiotic resistance."

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Bristol.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. F?tima Fonseca, Ewa I. Chudyk, Marc W. van der Kamp, Ant?nio Correia, Adrian J. Mulholland, James Spencer. The Basis for Carbapenem Hydrolysis by Class A ?-Lactamases: A Combined Investigation using Crystallography and Simulations. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2012; 134 (44): 18275 DOI: 10.1021/ja304460j

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/JwO3_I1AAF8/121109111519.htm

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Friday, November 9, 2012

Sandy kills parents: Student must raise 3 siblings

A screen shot of Wishuponahero.com shows the appeal by Zoe Everett, a Rutgers student who lost her parents to Hurricane Sandy and now must raise her three younger siblings.

By Jim Gold, NBC News

A 19-year-old Rutgers University student who lost her parents in Hurricane Sandy and now must take care of her three younger siblings is getting more than $56,000 raised in less than a day through online donors.

Zoe Everett of Randolph, N.J., told her story on Wishuponahero.com, whose founder Dave Girgenti launched the peer-to-peer aid site from his New Jersey home five years ago.

"This wish was spectacular," Girgenti told NBC News on Thursday. The goal for Zoe Everettt was only $5,000. "The entire country came together to help this girl with her tragedy. Her wish is granted."


"Wish Upon a Hero has raised funds for my family that have exceeded our wildest dreams," Zoe Everett wrote Thursday in response to the fund-raising. "The donations have ensured our well-being for the next few months and will hold us over until we are able to access our own funds."

The website has set up a special page to help other Sandy victims, hurricanewishes.com.

"My family has been so blessed, and we would like to be able to do the same for others who have suffered the misfortune of Hurricane Sandy," Zoe Everett wrote.

Zoe?s parents, Richard Everett, 54, and his wife, Elizabeth, 46, were killed while driving through Mendham Township during the storm when a tree fell on their truck, the Newark Star-Ledger reported. Their two sons, Theo, 14, and Pierce, 11, were riding in the back but not seriously harmed, the newspaper said. Their two daughters, Zoe, 19, and Talia, 17, were not with them.

Full NBC coverage of Sandy's aftermath

"Before Hurricane Sandy I was a typical 19-year-old student at Rutgers," Zoe Everett posted on Wishuponahero.com. She told about the 100-mph wind that knocked down the tree onto the pickup?s cab and the call she received while she was studying for an exam.

"At 11 p.m. on Oct. 29, I found out both of my parents had been killed," Zoe Everett wrote.

"I was no longer your typical 19-year-old," she wrote. "A moment in time, a second of bad luck, changed my life and my siblings' lives forever."

Watch the most-viewed videos on NBCNews.com?

"I now have two goals: caring for and being guardian of my three younger siblings and keeping my family in the house we grew up in."

The family?s finances are frozen while lawyers sort out the estate, Girgenti said. "The donations will tide them over."

Zoe Everett wrote about putting college on hold:

"My family, my siblings, come first. I love them more than they could ever fathom and I am ready and willing to put any amount of weight on my shoulders to lessen the load on theirs. They are children who deserve to be kids and enjoy the life they have lying before them. I am going to be strong for them. I am going to be wise. I am going to be patient. But I won't be naive, and I won't say that I don't need help."

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Source: http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/11/08/15030092-after-hurricane-sandy-kills-parents-rutgers-student-must-raise-3-siblings?lite

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Thursday?s Political Ledes (TIME)

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'Modern Family' Star Ariel Winter Removed from Home

On the hit sitcom Modern Family, 14-year-old Ariel Winter plays Alex, the brainy middle child in a loving, if hilariously goofy family. But in real life, Winter has been removed from her troubled home into his older sister's guardianship.

Source: http://www.ivillage.com/modern-family-teen-star-ariel-winter-removed-home/1-a-500037?dst=iv%3AiVillage%3Amodern-family-teen-star-ariel-winter-removed-home-500037

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Wednesday, November 7, 2012

Top 25 Nate Silver Facts

Wow, this Nate Silver guy sure is something. The whole Internet's talking about how awesome he is. Check it out: More »


Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/gizmodo/full/~3/6nPVec6InIA/top-25-nate-silver-facts

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Oil jumps as US picks a president

FILE - In this Saturday, Nov. 3, 2012, file photo, people wait in line with containers to purchase gasoline at filling station in Metuchen, N.J. The price of oil is slightly higher Monday, Nov. 5, 2012, as investors remain cautious ahead of the U.S. presidential election. They're also assessing how much demand for oil has dropped in the storm-stricken Northeast. (AP Photo/Mel Evans, File)

FILE - In this Saturday, Nov. 3, 2012, file photo, people wait in line with containers to purchase gasoline at filling station in Metuchen, N.J. The price of oil is slightly higher Monday, Nov. 5, 2012, as investors remain cautious ahead of the U.S. presidential election. They're also assessing how much demand for oil has dropped in the storm-stricken Northeast. (AP Photo/Mel Evans, File)

(AP) ? The price of oil jumped the most in a month Tuesday as investors, along with voters across the country, awaited the results of the U.S. presidential election.

Benchmark crude rose $3.06, or 3.5 percent, to finish at $88.71 in New York.

But it's still a far cry from the rise in oil the last time U.S. presidential ballots were cast in the midst of the financial crisis. Crude gained more than 10 percent on Nov. 4, 2008, as the Dow Jones industrial average rallied 305 points. On election day in 2000, the most hotly contested election in U.S. history, oil gained a more modest 1.6 percent.

What the market is signaling about the election's outcome is unclear. Analyst Phil Flynn said an Obama administration in favor of tougher regulations could boost oil prices by making it tougher to boost production. But a Republican administration that supports major oil companies could also, in theory, lead to higher prices.

Other factors may have boosted oil Tuesday. Traders are still assessing the full impact of Superstorm Sandy on gasoline supplies and fuel demand in the Northeast. One major refinery owned by Phillips 66 remains offline. And Greece holds a critical vote this week on a new austerity package that will impose further wage and benefit cuts.

Brent crude, which is used to price international varieties of oil, surged $3.34, or 3.1 percent, to $111.07 in London.

Meanwhile, most drivers are continuing to get a break at the pump. The national average for gasoline fell nearly a penny to $3.46 a gallon. The price of gas has fallen 4 percent in a week and 9 percent since last month.

Other futures also rose in New York trading:

? Wholesale gasoline rose 8 cents to $2.70 a gallon.

? Heating oil rose 7 cents to $3.05 a gallon.

? Natural gas rose 6 cents $3.62 per 1,000 cubic feet.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/f70471f764144b2fab526d39972d37b3/Article_2012-11-06-Oil%20Prices/id-a44a80cbdaa04cffbe193dc825a7316c

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Details emerge in Afghan village massacre

In this detail of a courtroom sketch, U.S. Army Staff Sgt. Robert Bales, seated at front-right, listens Monday, Nov. 5, 2012, during a preliminary hearing in a military courtroom at Joint Base Lewis McChord in Washington state. Bales is accused of 16 counts of premeditated murder and six counts of attempted murder for a pre-dawn attack on two villages in Kandahar Province in Afghanistan in March, 2012. At upper-right is Investigating Officer Col. Lee Deneke, and seated at front-left is Bales' civilian attorney, Emma Scanlan. (AP Photo/Lois Silver)

In this detail of a courtroom sketch, U.S. Army Staff Sgt. Robert Bales, seated at front-right, listens Monday, Nov. 5, 2012, during a preliminary hearing in a military courtroom at Joint Base Lewis McChord in Washington state. Bales is accused of 16 counts of premeditated murder and six counts of attempted murder for a pre-dawn attack on two villages in Kandahar Province in Afghanistan in March, 2012. At upper-right is Investigating Officer Col. Lee Deneke, and seated at front-left is Bales' civilian attorney, Emma Scanlan. (AP Photo/Lois Silver)

FILE - In this Aug. 23, 2011, file photo, Defense Video & Imagery Distribution System photo, Staff Sgt. Robert Bales, 1st platoon sergeant, Blackhorse Company, 2nd Battalion, 3rd Infantry Regiment, 3rd Stryker Brigade Combat Team, 2nd Infantry Division participates in an exercise at the National Training Center at Fort Irwin, Calif. The preliminary hearing for Bales, accused of killing 16 Afghan civilians in March, begins Monday, Nov. 5, 2012, with villagers expected to testify by video from Kandahar Air Field in Afghanistan. Bales is scheduled to appear at Joint Base Lewis-McChord for the pretrial hearing, which is expected to last two weeks. (AP Photo/DVIDS, Spc. Ryan Hallock, File)

In this courtroom sketch, Sgt. Jason McLaughlin, a prosecution witness in the preliminary hearing of U.S. Army Staff Sgt. Robert Bales, is shown Monday, Nov. 5, 2012, on the stand in a military courtroom at Joint Base Lewis McChord in Washington state. Bales is accused of 16 counts of premeditated murder and six counts of attempted murder for a pre-dawn attack on two villages in Kandahar Province in Afghanistan in March, 2012. (AP Photo/Lois Silver)

Soldiers and security officers stand Monday, Nov. 5, 2012, outside the building housing a military courtroom on Joint Base Lewis McChord in Washington state, where a preliminary hearing began Monday for U.S. Army Staff Sgt. Robert Bales. Bales is accused of 16 counts of premeditated murder and six counts of attempted murder for a pre-dawn attack on two villages in Kandahar Province in Afghanistan last March. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren)

FILE - In this Aug. 23, 2011, file photo, Defense Video & Imagery Distribution System photo, Staff Sgt. Robert Bales, left, 1st platoon sergeant, Blackhorse Company, 2nd Battalion, 3rd Infantry Regiment, 3rd Stryker Brigade Combat Team, 2nd Infantry Division participates in an exercise at the National Training Center at Fort Irwin, Calif. The preliminary hearing for Bales, accused of killing 16 Afghan civilians in March, begins Monday, Nov. 5, 2012, with villagers expected to testify by video from Kandahar Air Field in Afghanistan. Bales is scheduled to appear at Joint Base Lewis-McChord for the pretrial hearing, which is expected to last two weeks. (AP Photo/DVIDS, Spc. Ryan Hallock, File)

(AP) ? Staff Sgt. Robert Bales spent the evening on his remote outpost in southern Afghanistan with fellow soldiers, watching a movie about revenge killings, sharing whiskey from a plastic bottle and discussing an attack that cost one of their friends his leg.

Within hours, a prosecutor said Monday, a cape-wearing Bales embarked on a killing spree of his own, slaughtering 16 Afghan civilians before returning to the base in predawn darkness, bloody and incredulous that his comrades ordered him to surrender his weapons.

"I thought I was doing the right thing," a fellow soldier recalled him saying.

The details emerged at the opening of a preliminary hearing in Bales' case at Joint Base Lewis-McChord, offering the clearest picture yet of one of the worst atrocities of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars.

The prosecutor, Lt. Col. Jay Morse, said that after Bales attacked one village near his post at Camp Belambay, he returned, woke a colleague to report what he had done, and said that he was headed out to attack another village.

"I never got out of bed, sir," the colleague, Sgt. Jason McLaughlin, testified. "I thought it was ridiculously out of the realm of normal possibility, sir."

The March 11 attack on the villages of Balandi and Alkozai prompted the U.S. to halt combat operations for days in the face of protests. It was a month before military investigators could reach the crime scenes.

Bales, 39, faces 16 counts of premeditated murder and six counts of attempted murder. The hearing could last up to two weeks and will help determine whether the case goes to a court-martial.

Bales has not entered a plea. His attorneys have not discussed the evidence, but say Bales has post-traumatic stress disorder and suffered a concussive head injury during a prior deployment to Iraq.

The father of two from Lake Tapps, Wash., wore green fatigues and sat beside one of his civilian lawyers as an investigating officer read the charges against him and informed him of his rights.

When asked if he understood them, Bales said, "Sir, yes, sir."

The defense did not give an opening statement. Bales was not expected to testify.

McLaughlin recalled that before Bales left his room, he said, "Take care of my kids."

McLaughlin's response: "No, Bob. Take care of your own kids."

McLaughlin said he went back to sleep until his 3 a.m. guard shift, and forgot about the conversation until two Afghan soldiers approached him to say shots had been fired.

"It felt like a thousand pounds of bricks hit me in the chest," he said. "I ran to see if Sgt. Bales was in his room."

He wasn't, McLaughlin said.

A surveillance blimp captured video of a caped man ? identified as Bales ? returning to the base. He was greeted by McLaughlin and other soldiers with "weapons at the ready," said Morse.

McLaughlin said Bales' first words were: "Are you (expletive) kidding me?"

McLaughlin testified that he then turned to McLaughlin and asked: "Mac, did you rat me out?" McLaughlin replied, "No."

The night before the raids, Bales and two other soldiers watched "Man On Fire," a fictional 2004 Denzel Washington movie about a former CIA operative on a revenge spree, the prosecutor said.

Cpl. David Godwin testified that Bales seemed normal as they shared whiskey, discussed Bales' anxiety over whether he'd get a promotion and talked about another soldier who lost his leg a week in an attack a week earlier.

Shortly before leaving the base, Bales told a Special Forces soldier, Sgt. 1st Class Clayton Blackshear, that he was unhappy with his family life and that the troops should have been quicker to retaliate for the March 5 bomb attack, Morse said.

"At all times, he had a clear understanding of what he was doing and what he had done," said Morse, who described Bales as lucid and responsive.

Prosecutors played for the first time the video captured by the surveillance blimp that showed the caped figure running toward the base, then stopping and dropping his weapons as he was confronted. There was no audio.

It wasn't immediately clear from where Bales got the cape.

Part of the hearing will be held overnight to allow video testimony from witnesses in Afghanistan.

Bales' attorney, John Henry Browne, said the hearing will give the defense a chance to see what the military can prove. He said they are expecting a court-martial.

Bales' wife, Karilyn, told a Seattle TV station that she hoped for a fair proceeding if her husband goes to trial.

"It all seems incomprehensible to me," she told KING-TV. "This is not something he would do, not the Bob I know."

Bales, an Ohio native, joined the Army in 2001 after the 9/11 attacks as his career as a stockbroker imploded, including an arbitrator's $1.5 million fraud judgment against him and his former company.

Bales was serving his fourth combat tour after three stints in Iraq. His arrest prompted a national discussion about the stresses that soldiers face from multiple deployments.

His lawyers have said Bales remembers little or nothing from around the time of the attacks.

___

Johnson can be reached at https://twitter.com/GeneAPseattle

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/386c25518f464186bf7a2ac026580ce7/Article_2012-11-06-Afghanistan%20Massacre/id-c79096a0e3904ceaa88bf3dcfb371dc3

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